Friday, August 2, 2013

English 2010

Reflective Essay
I have to admit that I have actually enjoyed this class. I know going into this class I was a bit worried that it would be extremely overwhelming and I would be extremely stressed out. This class however has been everything but stressful. I have enjoyed having a teacher that has understood that the summer semester is much shorter and was able to break this semester down it down to be more manageable. I also really enjoyed having a group that I was able review each of my papers and give me feedback that was very helpful in my final revisions. I appreciated that our teacher would give us choices of the different writing types.
Class Objectives
The course objectives state that upon completion of this class students shall be able to write in multiple genres. This class has taught us many types of genres and as I student I find it helpful for my other classes to be able to use different ideas to better write a paper. I know that teachers are always looking for creativity and notice the amount of time a student puts into to an assignment. With having learned the different genres a student will be able to become a better writer.
As part of the course objectives students will learn to effectively work with others. Throughout the whole semester we had to submit all our outlines, rough drafts and final drafts to a group of students we had been assigned to. After submitting our papers others students were able to read and critique our papers. This not only help me with my own paper but to see other writing styles that other students had used. I also learned that by reading and revising other people’s papers I had to look for grammatical errors which in turn helped me to become a better writer. I also really enjoyed the peer reviews because as a writer you can sit and look at the same paper for hours not seeing some mistakes. It is good to have a fresh pair of eyes to spot what you may have missed.
Working with peers
As stated above I really enjoyed working with a group. Not only was it nice to have someone else re read your papers but it was nice to know that I wasn’t alone in this class. I can remember in the beginning I had a few questions and was a bit confused. I soon realized I wasn’t the only one with questions. It made it nice to have someone else help answer your questions because sometimes there was someone who answered it right away. I know that for me personally knowing that I’m not the only one to have homework gives me a weird sense of comfort.
I enjoy the fact that other students had posted their work online so that others could see. I found it to be helpful when I had any questions or confusion as to what was expected. I was able to see what others had written and was able to form my own ideas and was able to clear up my confusion.
Suggestions from my Peers
I found it very helpful to have other people read my paper. They always seemed to have good suggestions that I was able to use to improve my paper. They would often see things that I didn’t see such as spelling and grammatical errors. Also they always seemed to great ideas that would “pretty up” my paper. When submitting a paper I often think did I do the assignment right? Did I include all that the teacher was looking for? For this semester they were my extra set of eyes. I always feel better submitting a rough draft first. To be sure that the information I have is correct. After reviewing the peer reviews I like to make the changes if I feel they are necessary. While reviewing my memoir the reviewer had said to add pictures that relate to the topic at hand. After thinking about the picture I had already choose I decided that the reviewer was right and I found pictures on line that I thought were more appropriate.



Life of Brent Anderson
It’s a wonderful life…
Fifty two years ago the world rejoiced when Brent Anderson was born. His parents were so blessed to have a perfect baby and dreamed of what his life would be like. Would he grow up to be a lawyer, a doctor, or a dentist? His parents had big expectations and knew that there wouldn’t be anything he couldn’t accomplish.  As the Years went by when asked what he wanted to be when he grew up, he would always reply “I’m going to be a school teacher”. His parents believed that he would grow out of this dream, and become a carpenter like the rest of the men in his family. Soon came graduation and his parents couldn’t be any more proud. As a graduation gift his father handed him a tool belt and said “Son you will need this”. 
The start of something new…
Four years had passed, and after working in the family business, doing labor intensive work, he realized that he did not want to do carpentry for the rest of his life. The next day he went into the local college and applied for classes. He had no idea what he wanted to be when he grew up but realized he needed to figure it out soon. After a few months of thinking what it was he truly wanted to be, he decided he wanted to share his passion of learning with others.  He knew from that day forward that he would become an elementary teacher. He enjoyed learning new things and being able to help children. Learning came easy to him and he wanted to be able to help others. His parents were disappointed that he wouldn’t continue in his father’s footsteps, but knew that his deep love for children and his passion for learning would make him a great teacher.
The struggles of a college student…
Just like many other college students he understood the feeling of being poor after paying for all his classes, fees, and of course the dreaded text books. He knew right away that the price (even then) cost more than they should have. He thought hard about having the book and succeeding or not having the book and trying to succeed without it. After buying a few books at full price he figured he wanted to find a cheaper way to buy books. He soon found that it was much cheaper to split the cost of books with a friend and share the book. They found that not only did they save money, but it was best to study together.  After all two brains were better than one.
Life as a teacher…
When he finally graduated from college and began prepping for his first class. He realized he would have to decide on classroom text books. Brent came from a frugal family and saving money was what they did best. Because of this he carried his frugality into his professional career. Being frugal was the key when dealing with a small budget. A small budget is one of the biggest challenges for teachers.  After much thought and research of the books, he decided on what he thought was the best for his class. Having had dealt with the price of his college text books, he only thought it would be appropriate to save the school money. He decided to order the cheaper books.  Rather than buying the packaged book that came with a cd, (which cost more money), he would buy the individual book.
From the beginning of his teaching career he would always try to buy the cheapest books, only if he felt they gave the students the appropriate information.  When having to buy newer versions of books, he would shop around to find a fair price with good information. When he got new books he would ask other teachers if they wanted to have his old books, I hope of saving the school money. Teachers only want what is best for their students, and want them to have the best equipment. However sometimes they are unable to buy the things that they need.
 Brent says that if there was anything he could change about being a teacher it would be more funding for the students. As a teacher for twenty five years plus years he has seen many changes in the budget. Brent loves what he is doing and says that he would choose to be a teacher again, even knowing the amount of money he makes.
http://www.guidetocollegelife.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/07/StudentDebt.gif
After teaching second grade for a few years he decided that he wanted to go back to school and realized that sixth grade was the grade he would like to teach until he retired. His favorite part of teaching was seeing his students grow and to see the excitement they would have when learning new subjects. He made it a personal goal to spend extra time with the students who didn’t seem to catch on as fast. He would make himself available before and after school for any students that needed special attention. This two was one of his favorite parts of being a teacher. On the other hand the hardest part of being a teacher was that you begin to love your students and you are always sad to say good bye to them at the end of the year. However he knew that he had helped in molding each student into a successful person.  



Staci Alvey
Memoir
July 2013
English 2010
Holloway


Inspiration by success of others

My parents had always encouraged me to go to college and get an education. They would always say “You don’t want to be like us when you grow up”. Of course because I knew everything at that time I knew that they were just being silly and college really wasn’t important.  Little did I know that I would be inspired years later and have a complete change of heart.
Inspiration happens here…
I was sitting in the stands at the Maverick center anxiously waiting for my sister in law to receive her diploma. She had worked so hard to receive her associate’s degree in dental hygiene. I starting thinking about all the fun places she would be able to go, all the toys she could buy and all the positive aspects that come with achieving a college degree. Before then I had never thought that school would even be in my future, and I would be happy to live my life based on pay check to paycheck. After realizing that it would be much harder not having any type of degree, I decided right then and there that I needed to go to school.  I thought a lot about school and constantly went back and forth between different career options. I thought about school for weeks and the more I would think about it, the more I would talk myself out of it. I was scared and knew in my heart that I wasn’t ready and couldn’t do it. 
About a week later I was talking to a friend who was working on her generals and she said “Don’t be scared just do it”.  I kept making excuses as to why I could not go to school. And every time I would make an excuse she would say “There is absolutely no reason you cannot go back to school”. I left and begin to think more about what she said. An hour later she called me up to her desk and said “Hey I need your credit card information”. I asked “why” and she explained that she had registered me for school, and needed my credit card information to pay for the registration fee. As soon as she said she had signed me up for college my heart sank to my toes and I knew there was turning back.

I called my dad and explained what I had just done. I have never heard my dad sound so surprised but so proud at the same time.  After the pep talk with my dad I slowly began to get excited and felt as though I was going to change the world. For the first time in my life I was proud of myself. I kept telling myself over and over that applying for college is a big deal.  You begin to experience many emotions and feelings that you had never experienced before.  I started to stress out about where I was going to come up with money for tuition, fees and of course the dreaded books.
                                               
Oh the dreaded books…
 I signed up for my first semester of school and realized that I needed five books for three classes.  The size of the text book was over whelming itself, let alone the extreme price of the book. Luckily I had done a bit of research before classes started, and had a bit of time to save some money up for books.  When I had saved up enough money for all my books, I went to the check out at the library and nervously waited for the cashier to tell me my price. After putting all the books in a bag the lady replied “that will be four hundred and seventy two dollars”. At that moment I felt like a cartoon character whose eyes had just popped out of their head.  After picking my mouth up off the ground, I gave the lady my credit card. From that moment on I knew this would not be the first or the last time I would feel robbed at the SLCC book store.
 I can remember walking out of the book store like a scared dog with my tail between my legs. For the next few days my topic of conversation with anyone who asked about school was the outrageous cost of books.  I still could not believe that on top of all the other expenses I had already paid for, I had to fork out four hundred and some odd dollars for books.
Having been going to school for almost two years I have paid approximately 3200 dollars on books thus far.  I know I will spend much more when I get accepted into the program of choice.
 I have been trying to find more ways of spending less money on books. So far I have found a few ways to save money. I have bought books from online stores that have been a bit cheaper, I buy used books if possible, I try to buy books from friends that have previously  have taken the class.  I will chose to buy the book by itself rather than buying the bundled pack with the book and cd. Even after all these money saving tricks I will still pay an arm and a leg to successfully complete my college career.
   As college students we must face cold hard facts that we will always have to pay high amounts of money in order to receive a great education. To buy books or not to buy books that is the question.

Thursday, August 1, 2013

Marriage and Family Reflection


When I first signed up for this class I had my doubts just like with every other class I have taken as part of my general education.  I wondered if it would even be anything that I would be able to use in my everyday life.  As a married college student I thought I might learn more about the interworking’s of a happy, healthy relationship. One of the most important things I have learned in this class is to keep an open opinion. While going through the different topics and sharing my thoughts and opinions with other students I learned that it is always important to appreciate other people’s opinions even if you don’t believe in what they have to say.  It is important to keep an open opinion because there is always someone out there who may have an opinion about something that you may end up agreeing with.

I have also learned and discussed many problems that might occur in a marriage. It was so amazing with the amount of divorce that happens these days. I think it is so sad that divorce is such a common thing. I have decided to submit my Good parents and my step parent papers. One because I have the world’s best parents, and two because I have been blessed with amazing step parents.  I have learned in this class that there are a lot more people out there that are children of divorce and I was able to hear some of what they would have to say. It’s always nice to know that you are not alone with trials that you experience in your life. I also found it be calming to right about my personal experiences in life dealing with the different topics.

 I would recommend this class to anyone. It would help anyone regardless if they are marries, single, divorced, widowed, etc.  This class also touched on topics that may have been a grey are for some and they might not have been  as open to it topics in the beginning’s However I feel that through the discussion bored you were able to express your opinion and not have to worry about what others would say. Making it much easier to open up and discuss topics you would on a regular basis.

Marriage And Family

Good Parents

I know a lot of people would say it, but I honestly have the world’s best parents. I would not be the person I am today without them. They have taught me so much and have always been there when I needed them. I can always depend on them no matter what.  My parents divorced when I was young and it truly was a blessing in disguise. I have been blessed with some amazing step parents that I love and adore.  Now that I am married I have been blessed with even more amazing parents and I wouldn’t trade any of them for the world.
Growing up I never realized how much I really needed my parents. I knew that friends were the most important priority and my family would come next.  I know that this is very common for teens, but looking back now I realize how much time I have missed with my family.  I wish now that I would have jumped at every opportunity I had to spend time with my family and really get to know them better. Now days I know that I can’t change the past but only better the future. I try to spend as much time as I can with them and our relationships are stronger then ever.
As a teen I remember I always thought that my parents had no idea what they were talking about and I of course knew everything about life. Their parenting techniques have changed from then to now. Now rather than telling me what’s wrong and what is right, they are more of a support team. They have been a tremendous amount of support my whole life but I now have learned to appreciate it much more.
When asking my parents about the joys of parenting they said that it is so fun to see your children grow into mature adults, and to see us succeed in all things we do in life. I heard a saying once that your parents give you roots and wings. Roots meaning they teach you all the things you need, and wings to be able to fly the coop and become and independent person. I couldn’t agree with this saying more. I am so blessed to have such good parents and I love them so much.


As stated before I have been truly blessed with step parents. I have a stepmother as well as a step dad. I love them both very much and I feel that I would not be the person I ‘am today with out their help at shaping the person that I am. Both my parents re married when I was young. For me I knew that I had a special life compared to some of my friend. I was blessed with multiple parents as well as multiple family members. Life with step parents wasn’t always easy. My step mother always says that the first time I met her I didn’t want anything to do with her. I just basically buried my face in my dads shoulder and would not let him go for the rest of the night. I am a bit of a daddy’s girl in the first place that I knew I didn’t want to share my dad with any one else, let alone some lady I had never met. As the years went by I learned to love Teresa like my own mother but I still to this day have never called her mom. I have always called her by her first name and still never have felt comfortable enough to call her mom.  I love her dearly but I cant bring myself to call her mom.
            My step dad on the other hand had a lot of influence in my life. I grew up with him and my mom and he did a lot of the disciplining. I can remember meeting him for the first time and almost immediately falling in love with him. I always had so much fun with him and repeatedly asked my mom when Mr. B was coming over. It wasn’t long after they got married that I started calling him dad. To me it felt right and he was my dad. We always did things together just the two of us and  he made me feel as if I was his own flesh and blood.  I can remember one time as a teen I was so mad at something he said and said the worst possible thing I could ever say to a step parent “ I don’t have to listen to you, your not my dad”. At the time I knew I was being hurtful but didn’t care because he had made me mad. So as a teen this was acceptable to me. Thinking back years later I know that, he must have been crushed because he has always bent over backwards to make sure I had a great life and here I am being a little brat. My step dad has taught me so much and I am a better person having him in my life.
            When talking to my step dad about the pros and cons of being a step parent he said it has many pros with little cons. He said because my sister and I were so young he lucked out. Because we basically didn’t know any better we grew up with him and accepted him as our dad right away. There were hardly any problems with my sister and I, not taking him serious. We knew that we loved him and he loved us that not matter what .We knew we would always be there for each other.  My stepdad never had children so for him it was a blessing. He always wanted kids but never had until him and my mom met. About the only con he had was dealing with court battles and child support with my dad. He always hated being in the middle and wished my mom and dad would get along for everyone’s sake. Over all my step dad said he wouldn’t change a thing and is so glad to be a part of our lives.SS

Tuesday, December 11, 2012

History


I believe that one of the biggest events that have shaped life today would be slavery. Slavery was a terrible thing and people were treated extremely unfair but I feel like if we didn’t have this terrible part of history we would not be where we are today. It has been said that history repeats itself and slavery is a good example of history repeating itself.  Around 1640 African Americans were discriminated against for having a different color of skin and being from a different part of the world. For many years black were treated extremely badly. They had no rights. They couldn’t vote, they couldn’t get an education, and basically had no say in how there life would go. They were ordered to do all the work for their slave owner and were beaten or killed if they didn’t comply with what there master said. Any baby being born into slavery was automatically a slave. From the moment they were born to till the day they died they would be a slave. All children born of any Negro or other slave shall be slaves, as their fathers were, for the term of their lives. (Source 2)

Any freeborn women that have already married Negros shall serve the master of their parent till they are thirty years of age and no longer (Source 3) so it is clear that basically there was no of escaping unless you were one of the very lucky ones to escape and go into hiding but that was not very common. No master, mistress, overseer, or other person what so ever, that hath the care and charge of any negro or slave,  shall give the Negros and other slave leave on Sundays, holidays, or any other time, to go out of their plantations, except such negro or other slave as usually wait upon them at home or abroad, or wearing a livery; and every other  negro or slave that shall be taken hereafter out of his masters plantation, without a ticket, or leave in writing, from his master or mistress, or some other person by his or her appointment, or some white person in the company of such slave, to give and account of his business, shall be whipped… (source4). Year’s later slavery ended. People came to realize that no matter what color of skin you had every one shall be treated equal.

 I am happy to see that people have learned from our past and have learned to accept people for who they are rather than by the color of their skin.  I do not believe that slavery was a good thing at all by any means but I defiantly don’t think we would be where we are today had we not experiences that terrible part of history. People say that things have to get worse before they get better and I believe that this is the case.

Today we have an African American president and I think that is amazing that people have changed their mind that skin color really doesn’t matter. I know there are still people that will never get over the whole racial problem but I feel like history has accomplished so much sense then and we should not dwell on the dreadful past and continue to make positive changes in the current times. People like Martin Luther King Jr and Rosa Parks would be so happy to see how African Americans have respect and are being treated fairly and that all men shall be treated equal.

Saturday, December 8, 2012

Computer 1020 070

I'm Staci Alvey and i am currently finishing up my fifth semester at SLCC. I hope to become a radiology tech. I have not decided what exactly what in that field i will pursue but i know it will be awesome. I have always had a huge interest in the medical field and have always wanted to learn more about the human body. I have enjoyed computers and plan to take what i have learned in this class and use it in my everyday life. I know that in the future i will use a computer in my job and it will be very helpful to know what i am doing.
Here are some assignment that i have done in class....
 
Word Assignment


Table of Authorities
Cases
Cornelius v. Gipe, 625 S.W.2d 880, 882 (Mo. App. 1981)………………………………………2 Florida Physician's Ins. Reciprocal v. Stanley, 452 So.2d 514, 515-16 (Fla. 1984……………...4
Washington v. Barnes Hosp., 897 S.W.2d 611, 619-21 (Mo. banc 1995)……………………….2,4


 
            IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF GREENE COUNTY, MISSOURI
 
MARCEL BRADFORD, a minor, by his                              )
next friend, Trust of the Ozarks,                                )
                                                                                                )
                                                            Plaintiff,                      )
                                                                                                )
vs.                                                                                            )           Case No. 104CC0091
                                                                                                )
HILLCREST MEDICAL CENTERS,                                  )
                                                                                                )
                                                            Defendant.                  )
                                               
DEFENDANT'S RESPONSE TO PLAINTIFF'S FIRST MOTION IN LIMINE CONCERNING FREE PUBLIC BENEFITS
 
            In point 3 of his first motion in limine, plaintiff seeks to preclude evidence of collateral source payments.  Plaintiff attempts to categorize the evidence into two groups:
            Group 1:          Medicaid
            Group 2:          Goods and services provided by the public schools.
Plaintiff claims that evidence of Medicaid is subject to the rule, while the Missouri Supreme Court in Washington v. Barnes Hosp., 897 S.W.2d 611, 619-21 (Mo. banc 1995) has held that evidence of programs and therapies available through the public schools are not subject to the collateral source rule. 
            While defendant does not agree that any Missouri appellate court has directly held that Medicaid is subject to the collateral source rule, defendant does not plan to introduce evidence that Medicaid has paid for certain medical expenses in this case.[1]


  Defendant also agrees that goods and services provided by the public schools is not subject to the rule.  However, to the extent plaintiff is attempting to recast Washington v. Barnes Hospital as holding that the availability of free public school programs is the only exception to the collateral source rule, defendant disagrees.  There are other free public programs and therapies that are available outside the public school programs that will be available to Marcel that should also not be considered collateral sources.  Programs that will likely be at issue in this case are those provided through the Missouri Department of Mental Health, Division of Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities ("MRDD") after Marcel turns 18.

            The State of Missouri has an extensive system of care and treatment options for individuals with developmental disabilities. The only criteria for eligibility is they have a developmental disability which is defined as attributable to:

            1.         A. Mental retardation, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, head injury, autism or a learning disability related to a brain dysfunction;

            2.         Is manifested before the person attains age twenty-two (22);

            3.         Is likely to continue indefinitely;

            4.         Results in substantial functional limitations in two (2) or more of the following six  (6) areas of major life activities: self care, receptive and expressive language development and use, learning, self-direction, capacity for independent living or economic self sufficiency and mobility; and

            5.         Reflects the person's need for a combination and sequence of special, interdisciplinary or generic care, habilitation and sequence of special, interdisciplinary or generic care, habilitation or other services which may be of lifelong or extended duration and are individually planned and coordinated.

 

9 CSR 45-2.010(2)(F).  Eligibility is not conditioned on indigence.[2]

 

            In this case, Marcel will meet this criteria.  He has already been documented as having cerebral palsy  prior to the age of twenty-two.  Plaintiff's own experts state this is likely to continue indefinitely, and results in substantial functional limitations in more than two of the six areas of major life.   Evidence that these public programs are available as an alternative to Dr. Elam's private one-on-one attendant care  projections in his life care plan are relevant and admissible.

            In Washington v. Barnes Hosp., 897 S.W.2d 611, 619-21 (Mo. banc 1995), the Missouri Supreme Court extensively re-examined the collateral source rule.  The court began its analysis with the statement that "the collateral source rule is not a single rule but rather, a combination of rationales applied to a number of different circumstances to determine whether evidence of mitigation of damages should be precluded from admission." Id.   In analyzing the rationales that supported the rules application, the court reviewed decisions from other states.  In reaching its decision that public school benefits where not subject to the collateral source rule, the court rejected contrary views from other states, and  adopted the reasoning of the Florida Supreme Court in Florida Physician's Ins. Reciprocal v. Stanley, 452 So.2d 514, 515-16 (Fla. 1984), emphasizing:

The policy behind the collateral source rule simply is not applicable if the plaintiff has incurred no expense, obligation, or liability in obtaining the services for which he seeks compensation.  This is further made apparent upon comparison of the present case with a situation in which the collateral source rule is frequently applied, that of the defendant who seeks a reduction in damages because the plaintiff has received insurance benefits.  It is a well-settled rule of damages that the amount recoverable for tortious personal injuries is not wholly or partially indemnified for the loss by proceeds from accident insurance where the tortfeasor did not contribute to the payment of the premiums of such insurance.  This rule is usually justified on the basis that the wrongdoer should not benefit from the expenditures made by the injured party in procuring the insurance coverage.  In a situation in which the injured party incurs no expense, obligation, or liability, we see no justification for applying the Collateral Source rule.  We refuse to join those courts which, without consideration of the facts of each case, blindly adhere to the collateral source rule, permitting the plaintiff to exceed compensatory limits in the interest of insuring an impact upon the defendant.

 

Id. at 620-21 (Emphasis added).  The Missouri Supreme Court also stated: "[w]e reject the concept that the collateral source rule should be utilized solely to punish the defendant.  Id. at 621.

            While the specific issue addressed in Washington v. Barnes Hospital was evidence relating to the availability of public special education services, the issue in Florida Physician's Insurance Reciprocal v. Stanley, the Florida case adopted by the Missouri Supreme Court, also included the "availability and effectiveness of free or low-cost charitable and governmental programs available in the community." 452 So.2d at 515.  In the Florida case, the plaintiff "brought a medical malpractice action against the [defendants] for the retardation and cerebral palsy [plaintiff] has suffered from birth." Id.  Defendant cross-examined plaintiff's damage experts on the availability of free or low cost services from governmental and charitable organizations that were available to people that had mental retardation and cerebral palsy as children.  Id.  These are the same benefits that are at issue in the present case.  The Florida court held:

[Defendants] claim that evidence of free or low cost services from governmental or charitable agencies available to anyone with specific disabilities is admissible on the issue of future damages.  We agree....  Governmental or charitable benefits available to all citizens, regardless of wealth or status, should be admissible for the jury to consider in determining the reasonable cost of necessary future care.  Keeping such evidence from the jury may provide an undeserved and unnecessary windfall to the plaintiff.

 

Id. at 515.   As the Missouri Supreme Court adopted the Florida court's reasoning in Washington v. Barnes Hospital, it is apparent it would reach the same result with regard to the admissibility of evidence of other public programs, in addition to the public school special education programs, available to anyone with specific disabilities on the issue of future damages.

            The public programs available through MRDD are, in effect, an extension of those available through the public schools.  They replace those provided by the public school after the child turns 18.  Just as in the case of public school benefits, the plaintiff did not purchase the benefits available through MRDD, nor work for them as an employment benefit, nor contract for them.  Hence, the "benefit of the bargain" rationale does not apply.  Just as in the case of public school benefits, the MRDD programs are funded by tax dollars.  As the Missouri Supreme Court stated in Washington v. Barnes Hospital,  "[w]hile to some extent public schools are funded by plaintiffs' tax dollars, they are also funded by defendants' tax dollars and no windfall results to either." Id. at 621.   The same is true for MRDD benefits. As the court emphasized in Washington v. Barnes Hospital:  "[a]s the injured party [Marcel] incurs no expense, obligation, or liability, we see no justification for applying the Collateral Source rule."  Moreover, these free public programs are available to any child that has been documented to have a developmental disability before age 22, and is not contingent on indigent status (as in Medicaid benefits) or having been earned through military service (as for veteran's benefits), or through work credits (as for social security or medicare benefits.)

            Accordingly, these free public benefits available to people, like Marcel, after they turn eighteen and have cerebral palsy can be considered by the jury as alternatives to Dr. Elam's private one-on-one attendant care  projections in his life care plan.  Plaintiff's motion in limine to this extent should be denied. "Plaintiffs, of course, may respond to this evidence with arguments of its inadequacy, the risk of its continued availability, etc." Washington v. Barnes Hosp., 897 S.W.2d at 621.

 

                                       THE GRISWALD LAW FIRM, P.C.



[1]The only case cited by plaintiff concerning Medicaid payments is Cornelius v. Gipe, 625 S.W.2d 880, 882 (Mo. App. 1981).  In that case, the court expressly said: "Even assuming without deciding that the argument [that mentioned the availability of Social Security, Medicare, and Medicaid] violated the collateral source rule, the argument clearly bore on damages, and by reason of the defendant's verdict, Cornelius was not prejudiced."  In Washington v. Barnes Hosp., 897 S.W.2d 611, 620 (Mo. banc 1995) the court specifically noted this was dicta. 
[2]If the recipient has annual adjusted gross income exceeding one hundred thousand dollars ($100,000) he shall be assessed a charge for case management services, and the charge shall be the lesser of actual cost or one-fourth (1/4) their monthly ability to pay.  9 CSR 10-31.011(3).  This has no application in this case as plaintiff's experts state Chavon will be permanently unemployable. 
Excel Assignment
 

Mid-Sized Passenger Car Ratings
Model Efficiency Affordability Appearance Durability Acceleration Overall Rating Ratings
Matador                  8.2                     9.0                    7.0                 8.0                    8.4             8.1
Imperial                  7.5                     8.5                    6.5                 7.5                    8.0             7.6
Reliance                  6.7                     6.8                    6.3                 5.5                    7.5             6.6
Captivator                  9.0                     7.5                    8.2                 9.2                    8.3             8.4
Overall Category                  7.9                     8.0                    7.0                 7.6                    8.1             7.7


 
 


Monday, November 26, 2012

Biology Lab Reflection


Detection of infectious disease outbreaks in hospitals

 

“The World Health Organization has estimated that, globally, 8.7% of hospital patients develop hospital acquired infections”. Infections acquired in a hospital are also called nosocomial infections. “In the US alone, 2 million people developed a hospital acquired infection in the last year”. About 90,000 of these patients die as a result of their infections. Hospital-acquired infections can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites.

These microorganisms may already be present in the patient's body or may come from the environment, contaminated hospital equipment, health care workers, or other patients. About 25% of these infections can be prevented by healthcare workers taking proper precautions when caring for patients. Infections spread both by touch and through the air. Healthy people can usually fend them off, or may get only mildly sick from them, but someone with a compromised immune system or an open wound will be at risk for getting very sick .Infections that become clinically evident after 48 hours of hospitalization are considered hospital acquired. Infections that occur after the patient is discharged from the hospital can be considered healthcare associated if the organisms were acquired during the hospital stay. The infections usually develop in a surgical wound, or the urinary tract or lungs. Decreasing the number of hospital acquired infections is the number one priority for all medical personnel. If the infection is found early on, it is much easier to treat and contain.

 Along with the obvious precautions, such as hand washing and sanitizing common areas, it is important to record and document any form of infection that had be detected. Hospitals are developing new procedures and new software to help keep infections low or even nonexistent. A WHONET-SaT scan or BAC Link is a data conversion utility that standardizes data from existing microbiology systems into WHONET-SaT formats. WHONET is used by 1000 laboratories world wide.  This was originally developed for geographical disease surveillance to assess the statistical significant of community cancer cluster. The device is used to chart any infections that have occurred in the hospital by calculating the amount of infections in a specific area that have developed within days of each other. The information is then studied to detect what type of infection may be able to be spread around due to improper infection control.

“Microbiology- based cluster detection systems should use automated statistical methods to optimize cluster identification, lessen surveillance burden, and expand cluster detection to all pathogens across all hospital locations and services”. Tests run daily to record any new infections to see any significant details that may show any similarities between any infections developed within the same amount of time. This will help to prevent any spreading of infection.

Hospital acquired infections are very common and very serious. Infection can lead to death if not properly treated. It is important to follow the infection control protocols in each facility to help reduce the spreading of infection. Software may prevent the spreading of infection if studied on a daily bases.